Water plays a vital role on this planet it is a very important factor in the living of almost every species. Water resource has been depleted, exploit, and polluting day by day due to the exposure to different hazardous contaminants and misuse of water. Urbanization and increase in population increase the risk of deterioration of water quality of water resources.  This study was conducted on physicochemical and microbiological analysis to determine the water quality of Rawal dam, its tributaries, and their comparison with the water quality of the silt control tank of Rawal dam which is the WASA filtration tank. The main objectives of this research water are to access the water quality parameters which are consumed by the public and to find out whether these parameters are complying with the standards given or not. Water samples were collected from the main Rawal dam, and from its tributaries that are entering the dam. All five water samples were analyzed separately to get the results and were compared with water quality standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and PAK-EPA. The samples were collected in sterilized plastic bottles during October and November 2019. Physicochemical and Biological parameters (pH, Temperature, Turbidity, ORP, EC, Salts, Total Hardness, Total alkalinity, Carbonates, Chlorides, Calcium, Magnesium, Total and Fecal coliform) were analyzed at the Chemistry Lab of Bahria University Islamabad campus. Despite, most of the parameters from upstream to the main dam exceeding the standards, most of the parameters of Dam samples and all parameters of WASA water samples were within the permissible limits given by WHO and PAK-EPA. Microbiological analysis showed that the water samples contain high microbial counts of different pathogens like Salmonella, Shigella, and Total Coliforms in the Dam and its tributaries as compared to the WASA filtration plant (silt control tank). It is recommended to the regulatory authorities to analyze, inspect and monitor the drinking water quality regularly and it needs immediate attention of governmental bodies and public participation.

Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameter of Water From Rawal Dam and Its Silt Control Tank

2551079

English

 Water treatment

 Rawal Dam

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Research analysing the impact of sustainable waste management and domestic tourism on environmental pollution has not been given due attention irrespective of them being clearly connected. Such examinations are instrumental for generating scientific information for minimizing environmental pollution induced by domestic tourism activities and fostering the effectiveness of sustainable waste management practices. The study uses structural equation modelling to analyse connections linking sustainable waste management and domestic tourism with environmental pollution. Examinations were conducted using questionnaire data collected from a random sample of 138 Kurdish nationals who visited Erbil Citadel, Sami Abdulrahman Park, Gali Ali Bag, Shanidar Cave and Sakura Park at the time the research was conducted, and such was done with the aid of Smart PLS. Results established from the study showed that sustainable waste management is instrumental in enhancing the effectiveness of environmental protection programs aimed at reducing environmental pollution. Additionally, sustainable waste management programs were discovered to be having positive effects on domestic tourism. On the other hand, domestic tourism had significant positive effects on environmental pollution. Lastly, the study exhibited that sustainable waste management has positive moderating effects on the relationship between domestic tourism and environmental pollution. This present study contributes significantly to existing studies as it provides suggestions needed to foster and enhance sustainable waste management by eradicating environmental pollution caused by the neglected effects of domestic tourism.

THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DOMESTIC TOURISM ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE

2541932

Environmental Pollution

 Moderating Effects

 Sustainable Waste Management

 Tourism

Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, has to deal with air pollutants such as Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The main objective was to study the trends of NO2 and SO2 concentrations during the period 2013-2019 and predict the future air quality of Colombo by modelling the monthly time series of those pollutants. The data used in this research was secondary, obtained from the National Building Research Organization (NBRO) and the Department of Meteorology of Sri Lanka. The SO2 and NO2 exponential smoothing models fitted had R- squared values of 66.40% and 68.90% respectively. Significant correlation results were obtained between the predicted (2020-2021) and the observed values. The NO2 levels displayed a significant correlation (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). The multiple regression models fitted for NO2 and SO2 with the weather parameters indicated a good fit. A comparison of air pollutant levels recorded before the pandemic period (2013 - 2019) with the air pollutant levels after the pandemic (2020 - 2021) had a significant difference (p < 0.05). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between SO2 levels with relative humidity (r = -0.27; p < 0.05) and between NO2 levels with temperature (r = -0.23; p < 0.05), and relative humidity (r = -0.36; p < 0.05). Similarly, Air Quality Index (AQI) values determined from PM2.5 showed a significant negative correlation with rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed (p < 0.05) while AQI values of PM10 showed a significant negative correlation with rainfall and relative humidity (p < 0.05). Thus, increased levels of meteorological variables such as precipitation, humidity, and wind speed seem to reduce the atmospheric concentrations of the above pollutants.

Trends of Air Pollutants in Colombo City and Relationship with Meteorological Variables

2371999

Air Polllution

 Time Series Modelling

 Forecasting

This paper mainly presents the in-depth analysis performed to explore the effect of baffle walls (BWs) on the requirement of the area and hydraulic detention time (DT) for wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs). In addition, the influence of various concentrations of fecal coliforms and BOD5 is also presented. The meteorological parameters used to perform the analysis represent Ayvadere, a neighborhood in Arakli city of the Trabzon Province, Turkey. There were 12 different combinations of fecal coliforms and BOD5 influent loads. The analysis also included 3 different configurations of ponds, 6 various numbers, and 5 different lengths of the BWs, with which 720 analyses were performed. Configuration 1 gave minimum area and DT by meeting all the WSPs design and irrigation class-B effluent standards. There were 2 BWs with a length of 50 % of the design length of facultative ponds. Moreover, fecal coliforms and BOD5 were 106 (MPN/100 ml) and 300 (mg/l) simultaneously. According to the findings of the study, increasing the number and length of BWs reduces the area and DT required for WSPs. Furthermore, the results also show that the need for both things increased by increasing the pollution load. The cost of BWs is an essential factor compared to the decrease in area. So, an optimization study is recommended using various methods available in the literature. Besides, an examination must be conducted experimentally to compare the results of the analysis performed in this research.

Impact of Baffle Walls on Area and Hydraulic Detention Time Needed for Wastewater Stabilization Ponds at Different Pollutant Loads

2557752

Baffle walls

 Biochemical Oxygen Demand

 Fecal Coliforms

 Mathematical Analysis

 Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Quorum Sensing System (QS) is a bacteria- bacteria communication process in which bacteria use the production and detection of extracellular chemicals called autoinducers (AIs) to monitor bacteria population density. QS allows bacteria to synchronize the gene expression of the group, and thus act in unison. Once the bacteria communicate and synchronize through the AHL molecules of the QS system, they perform their vital work and operations. By proving QS, it is claimed that bacteria are not asocial, they can calculate their numbers in the environment, and some researchers may even have a so-called artificial intelligence. In this review, the QS system of Vibrio fischeri bacteria is explained and the bioluminescence feature and virulence factors in QS management is explained. While the functions of bioluminescence are not known for all animals, frequently bioluminescence is used to warn or evade predators, to lure or detect prey, and for communication between members of the same species. It has been explained that pathogenic bacteria create virulence with the T1SS, T2SS, T3SS, T4SS, T5SS, T6SS, T7SS secretion system under the control of the QS system through AHL molecules and initiate the disease process.

Bacterial Social Engagements: Production and Management of Virulence in Pathogenic Bacteria of Quorum Sensing System (Interbacterial Communication) which was First Noticed in Oceans with Bioluminescence

Volume 5 Issue 2

Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameter of Water From Rawal Dam and Its Silt Control Tank

THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DOMESTIC TOURISM ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE

Trends of Air Pollutants in Colombo City and Relationship with Meteorological Variables

Impact of Baffle Walls on Area and Hydraulic Detention Time Needed for Wastewater Stabilization Ponds at Different Pollutant Loads

Bacterial Social Engagements: Production and Management of Virulence in Pathogenic Bacteria of Quorum Sensing System (Interbacterial Communication) which was First Noticed in Oceans with Bioluminescence

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