Metal industry wastewaters include different types of heavy metals with respect to the metal production processes and products. There are several methods used for metal production industry such as refining and smelting operations. Both may produce air emissions like SO2 and particulate matter, wastewater originating from floatation and leachate, and other wastes like sludge and slag. Heavy metals of metal industry wastewaters are nickel, brass, chrome, gold, cadmium, copper, brass, and silver. Most of them may give severe damage to human and environment. For example, chrome ion leads to lung cancer, stomach ulcer, kidney and liver function disorders and death on human.  Thus, heavy metal containing wastewaters could be very dangerous. Besides, plant species which have capability of accumulate heavy metals can be an option to bioaccumulate metal industry wastewaters while plant species which are sensitive to heavy metals can be used as a plant for phytotoxicity tests.  In this study metal industry wastewaters were analysed in order to determine plant species whether they are sensitive or tolerant to heavy metals. During analysis phytotoxicity tests were conducted with different plant species.

METAL BIOACCUMULATION/TOXICITY TEST FOR METAL INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS

In this research, the house culture of the province Amasra in the city of Bartin located in the Turkey's West black sea region was studied. The traditional house examples of 19th century in the centrum of Amasra was examined and specifically the plan types, construction system, and construction materials were disclosed. This analysis was conducted to remind the hous eculture that is about to disappear, to provide not to be forgotten in future and to help there storation to be done. In this research, detail edreviews were made in the traditional houses in Amasra district, the plan types of the houses were removed, the house users were interviewed and the conclusions were drawn about the future changes in the architecture of the region and the future of the houses. As a result, in this research conducted in the name of traditional house architecture of Amasra district, it has been found that the district has an important place in residential architecture with its plan scheme, construction technique and material property and documentation work has been done in order to transfer it to future generations.

PLAN TYPOLOGY OF TRADITIONAL AMASRA HOUSES

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan Bartın ili Amasra ilçesindeki geleneksel konut kültürü ele alınmıştır. Amasra’nın ilçe merkezinde yer alan 19. yüzyıl geleneksel konut örnekleri incelenmiş, öncelikle plan tipleri olmak üzere yapım sistemi ve kullanılan malzemeler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu analiz yok olmak üzere olan bölgedeki konut kültürünü yeniden hatırlatmak, gelecek dönemlerde unutulmamasını sağlamak ve yapılacak olan restorasyon çalışmalarına yardım sağlamak adına yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Amasra ilçesindeki geleneksel evlerde detaylı incelemeler yapılmış, evlerin plan tipleri çıkarılmış, ev kullanıcılarıyla görüşülerek bölge mimarisinin geçmişten günümüze ne gibi değişimlere maruz kaldığı ve ev sahiplerinin düşünceleri doğrultusunda gelecekte oluşabilecek tablo hakkında çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Amasra ilçesi geleneksel ev mimarisi adına yapılan bu araştırmada bölge konut mimarlığı içerisinde plan şeması, yapım tekniği ve malzeme özelliği ile önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmüş ve gelecekteki kuşaklara aktarılması açısından belgeleme çalışması yapılmıştır.

Tarımda pestisitlerin güvensiz ve bilinçsiz kullanımı,
çevreye ve insan sağlığına büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu
tezde Antalya İli’nde çiftçilerin/üreticilerin pestisit kullanımı ve
seçimindeki eğitim ve bilgi düzeyi ile çevresel duyarlılıkların araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada anket uygulanacak üretici sayısı il
nüfusuna göre “Oran Ortalamalarına Dayalı Basit Tesadüfi Örnekleme” metodu ile
hesaplanmış ve 378 üretici ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Üreticilerin, % 61.6’sı ilkokul mezunu,
% 32.3’ü 45-54 yaş aralığında, % 28.8’inin 11-20 yıl çiftçilik deneyimi olduğu
bulunmuştur.Üreticilerin pestisit kullanımı bilinç
düzeyleri üçlü Likert Skalasıyla hesaplanmıştır. Üreticilerin % 13.5’i düşük, % 28.3’ü orta, %
58.2’si yüksek düzeyde çevre bilincinde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca
Khi-Kare (x2) Bağımsızlık
Testi ile üreticilerin, bilinç düzeyi ile; yaş, eğitim seviyesi, arazi varlığı
ve çiftçilik deneyim süresi arasında ilişki araştırılmıştır. Sadece bilinç
düzeyi ile çiftçilik deneyim süreleri ilişkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Bağımlılık
katsayısı da 0.23 olmuştur.



Üreticilerin % 12.7’si ilaçlama
ile hasat arası süreye dikkat etmediğini, % 65.6’sı MRL kavramını duymadığını,
% 44.4’ü artan ilaçlı suyu bahçenin bir kenarına boşalttığını, boşalan ilaç
kutularını % 26’sı çöpe, %
8.5’i de çevreye attığını belirtmişlerdir.

Antalya İli’nde Üreticilerin Pestisit Kullanımı Konusunda Bilgi Düzeyi ve Duyarlılıklarının Araştırılması

Günümüzde farklı coğrafyalarda yaşamakta olan Türk topluluklarının sözlü anlatılarındaki benzerlikler bu toplulukların tarihi süreç içerisinde hem köken hem de kültür birliği yapmış olduğunun şüphesiz en açık göstergelerinden birisidir. Türk Dünyasında Altaylardan Anadolu’ya kadar, tür olarak bazen farklı isimlendirilmekle beraber, geniş bir alana yayılmış olan anlatılardan birisi de Alpamıs destanıdır. Alpamıs destanının Kazaklar arasında kaynaklarada masal olarak adlandırılan varyantları da bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Alpamıs’ın Kazaklar arasında yayımlanmış olan ilk destan versiyonu ile bu destanın Alpamıs, Altı Jasar Alpamıs (Altı Yaşındaki Alpamıs) ve Jelkildek adlı kaynaklarda masalı olarak adlandırılmış olan varyantları şekil ve muhteva açısından karşılaştırılacak ve türün adlandırılması meselesi üzerinde durulacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kazaklar, Destan, Masal, Alpamıs, Jelkildek,

Alpamıs Destanının Kaynarklarda Masal Olarak Adlandırılan Varyantları

Diğer bitkilerde olduğu gibi turunçgillerde de genetik mühendisliği uygulamalarının yapılması ve
 yaygınlaşması, istenilen özellikleri sağlayacak genlerin bulunmasına ve bunları bitkiye aktaracak
 transformasyon yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine bağlıdır. Bu iki temel koşulun sağlanmasıyla turunçgillere
 ıslah çalışmalarıyla kazandırılamayan bazı özellikler genetik mühendisliği yoluyla kazandırılabilir. Bu
 amaçla turunçgillerde son on yılda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış olup farklı bitki materyali ve farklı gen
 aktarım yöntemleri kullanılarak transgenik bitkiler üretilmiştir. Başlangıçta transformasyon çalışmaları
 sadece raportör genler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Daha sonra transformasyon yöntemlerinin optimizasyonu
 ve tarımsal açıdan önemli genlerin çeşitli kaynaklardan klonlanmasıyla turunçgillerde hastalık ve zararlılar
 yanında abiyotik streslere dayanıklılık ve meyve kalitesinin artırılmasına yönelik genetik mühendisliği
 uygulamaları da başlamıştır. Bu uygulamalar sonucunda birçok transgenik bitki üretilmiş olup halen bu
 transgenik bitkilerin moleküler ve biyolojik karakterizasyonları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dünyada
 turunçgillerde yapılan genetik transformasyon çalışmaları ve bunların sonuçları derlenerek yakın
 gelecekteki durumu ve ülkemiz açısından önemi tartışılmıştır.

Turunçgillerde Genetik Mühendisliği Uygulamaları

As in other plants, application of genetic engineering in Citrus requires availability of genes for
 desired traits and development of genetic transformation methods. Once these conditions are met, traits
 that can not be integrated into the Citrus genome by conventional breeding could be introduced to citrus
 by genetic engineering. Hence, a number of studies were conducted in Citrus and transgenic citrus plants
 were produced from different types of plant material using various transformation methods in the last
 decade. Initially, citrus plants were transformed only with reporter genes. As the transformation methods
 were optimized and genes for agriculturally important traits become availible by cloning from different
 sources, genetic engineering was applied for developing resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stresses as
 well as improving fruit quality in Citrus. As a result, many transgenic plants transformed with these genes
 were produced and molecular and biological characteristization of these transgenic plants are still
 underway. In this study, genetic transformation studies in Citrus were reviewed and its prospects in the
 near future and its importance for Turkey were discussed.

Application of Genetic Engineering in Citrus

English

Citrus

  genetic engineering

  genetic transformation

  tissue culture

  resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses

Industrial wastewaters entering a water body represent to an overwhelming wellspring of natural contamination in waterways. It influences both the water quality and the microbial and amphibian greenery. With contending requests on constrained water assets, attention to the issues required in water contamination, has prompted to significant open level-headed discussion about the natural impacts of Industrial effluents released into oceanic situations. Raw petroleum, refined petroleum items, and in addition polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are universal in different natural compartments. They can bioaccumulation in natural pecking orders where they upset biochemical or physiological exercises of numerous living beings, in this manner bringing about carcinogenesis of a few organs, mutagenesis in the hereditary material, impedance in conceptive limit and/or creating and causing hemorrhage in exposed population. The cause/impact of oil poison are typically evaluated by utilizing organic end guide parameters alluded toward as biomarkers. Defilement of soil emerging from spills is a standout amongst the most constraining components to soil ripeness and consequently edit profitability Petroleum Refinery, Petrochemicals effluents are described by their irregular turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total hardness. Petroleum Refinery, Petrochemicals effluents containing high grouping of microbial supplements would clearly advance an after-development of essentially high coliform sorts and other microbial structures. Natural contamination is constantly obvious, and the contamination is aggravated via arrive based sources, for example, the infrequent release of crude sewage through tempest water outlets, the effluents from refineries, oil terminals, and petrochemical plants. Squander effluents rich in decomposable natural matter, is the essential driver of natural contamination.

REVIEW OF ESTIMATION THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR SURFACE WATER

Industrial wastewaters

Petroleum Refinery

Surface Water.

Insects which have begun to be seen as the main food source, are becoming increasingly popular in food and nutrition. When we look at foreign studies of insects research within a decade, those concerning edibleness seem to have increased in the last three years. This study provides an overview on the perception and acceptance by consumers of insects as an alternative food source in Turkey and comprises a social experiment. For this purpose, the study was carried out on a total of 100 people attending "Nutrition Education" and "New Trends in World Cuisine", and pre- and post-training behaviours were observed.  It understood that the majority of the individuals participating in the study did not see insects as a food source and would have been consumed if they were religiously appropriate. Despite the work being done, the question remains unanswered as to whether or not edible insects will have the potential to gain a position in the Turkish cuisine in the coming years.

INSECTS AS FOOD AND FEED IN THE TURKEY: CURRENT BEHAVIOURS

Alternative Food

Edible Insects

Consumer Behaviours

Turkey

The most important, complex and time-consuming process of land consolidation is known as the reallocation phase. Reallocation processes in land consolidation projects in Turkey is made according to farmer preferences (interview). Besides, the optimization studies based on the mathematical models for the reallocation process in many scientific researches in addition to reallocation model based on interview have been conducted. But, because there isn’t a precise mathematical model for the reallocation process, many different solutions have been suggested.      
In this study, importance of reallocation in land consolidation and interview-based and block priority-based reallocation models has been described. Also, the results of the block priority-based reallocation model that makes land reallocation by being take into account respectively the largest parcels belong to the farmers have been obtained. The results which are obtained from the block priority-based reallocation model has been compared with the results which are obtained from the interview-based reallocation model. In the consolidation area of the Bogazici neighbourhood (Kocarlı-Aydin-Turkey), previously the number of cadastral parcels were 74. The number of this parcels according to the block priority-based reallocation model that is applied in this study have decreased to 50. Average parcel size was 1.25 hectares before consolidation in this region. Average parcel size has increased to 1.44 hectares according to the interview-based reallocation model and to 1.72 hectares according to the block priority-based reallocation model.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT REALLOCATION RESULTS IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECT

Land consolidation

reallocation

the interview-based reallocation

the block priority-based reallocation

It is realized that infill dividers extensively change the conduct of casings under flat loads. Be that as it may, about this subject, there were insufficient information and experience aggregations contrasted and some different subjects in basic investigation. So as to add to the conduct of infilled outlines, a progression of investigations did under statical loads which were applied in the inclining bearing to the infilled tests having different conjunctions and thicknesses and surrounded with steel profiles. During the trial explore, the lessening in the level unbending nature brought about by the division and sliding between the casing and the infill ought to be thought about. It was known from the past investigates that after the edge isolated and slid, the infill divider works like a pressure bar; the examination results acquired from this examination likewise affirmed this reality. The properties of the "identical pressure bar" that speaks to the infill divider were concentrated to be assigned because of the exploratory information and contrasted and the qualities proposed in the writing. Trial investigates establish the premise of the examination.

Volume 1 Issue 1

METAL BIOACCUMULATION/TOXICITY TEST FOR METAL INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS

REVIEW OF ESTIMATION THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR SURFACE WATER

INSECTS AS FOOD AND FEED IN THE TURKEY: CURRENT BEHAVIOURS

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT REALLOCATION RESULTS IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECT

Statical Analysis of Infilled Frames

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